The 2-Minute Rule for Birefringent Crystal
The 2-Minute Rule for Birefringent Crystal
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各向异性透明晶体如方解石、石英等的折射率，是其固有的特性，称为永久双折射。
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直光纤只有很小的随机双折射，即使这样其中的光传输一段距离后偏振状态也会发生变化。存在保偏光纤，是利用了很强的双折射来抑制这些效应。
This can be the most typical method of phase matching for many different types of nonlinear frequency conversion for example frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation.
As a way to consider the phase relationship and velocity distinction between the regular and remarkable rays after they go through a birefringent crystal, a quantity often called the relative retardation is often identified. As described over, The 2 gentle rays are oriented so that they are vibrating at suitable angles to each other. Each ray will face a slightly different electrical natural environment (refractive index) because it enters the crystal and this will have an impact on the velocity at which the ray passes with the crystal.
Crystals are categorized as staying either isotropic or anisotropic depending on their optical conduct and whether or not their crystallographic axes are equal. All isotropic crystals have equivalent axes that communicate with mild in a similar fashion, regardless of the crystal orientation with respect to incident gentle waves.
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For remarkable waves, where by the refractive index is dependent upon the angular orientation, there is a spatial stroll-off: the way of electric power propagation is slightly tilted in opposition to that with the vector.
Structural birefringence is often a expression that applies to a large spectrum of anisotropic formations, which include Organic macromolecular assemblies like chromosomes, muscle fibers, microtubules, liquid crystalline DNA, and fibrous protein structures such as hair.
For amazing waves, where the refractive index depends on the angular orientation, There exists a spatial stroll-off: the direction of ability propagation is a bit tilted towards that on the k vector.
而在非线性光学和激光器技术中，双折射则是一些非各向同性透明介质的折射率依赖于偏振方向（即电场方向）的性质。后者的性质时非偏振光束入射到该材料上时产生双折射。
这一效应可应用于双折射调谐器中，因为它是与波长相关的（尽管折射率差与波长无关）。该效应通过自相位调制和交叉相位调制而与功率相关（参阅非线性偏振态旋转），有时用于光纤激光器中的被动锁模。
Anisotropic crystals, like quartz, calcite, and tourmaline, have crystallographically distinct axes and interact with light-weight by a system that is definitely dependent upon the orientation on the crystalline lattice with respect for the incident mild angle. When light enters the optical axis of anisotropic crystals, it behaves inside of a manner much like the conversation with isotropic crystals, and passes as a result of at a single velocity.
Most likely Probably the most remarkable demonstrations of double refraction occurs with calcium carbonate (calcite) crystals, as illustrated in Figure 2. The rhombohedral cleavage block of calcite creates two photos when it really is positioned in excess of an item, and afterwards considered with mirrored light-weight passing in the crystal. Amongst the images seems as would Ordinarily be envisioned when observing an item by means of very clear glass or an isotropic crystal, even though another picture seems a little displaced, as a consequence of the character of doubly-refracted mild.
A perseverance with the birefringence indicator by analytical procedures is used to segregate anisotropic specimens into groups, that happen to be termed both positively or negatively birefringent. The birefringence of a specimen is just not a set worth, but will differ With all the orientation from the crystal relative towards the incident angle of the illumination.